Evaluation of General Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation of General Plan - Essay Example Every country and city should adopt this practice to steer its efforts in a developing direction. General plan has various components that need to be given a balanced focus and allocation of resources in order of priorities. These components mainly include land use, air pollution, preservation of resources, noise pollution, housing, public recreational activities, health and safety measures and transportation infrastructure. Attention given to each element largely depends upon the population growth, trends and projections which guide the extent of need for development of some elements to cater the growing population. The dynamics of general plan aid the government to be prepared for upcoming changes and expected as well as unpredictable circumstances in future. City of Los Angeles has a diversified habitat comprising people of various different races, languages and cultures and various natural aspects such as mountains, lakes, swamps and coastal areas. The city has a dedicated department of city planning whose primary focus lies on preparing, developing and implementing the city’s general plan which is reviewed and approved by City Planning Commission and adopted by City Council. We study in detail the transportation component of general plan framework as provided by the city of Los Angeles ( Port of Los Angeles). The city government has developed a detailed framework for its element of transportation and has in place a professional team and high quality policies for implementation of these elements. It builds over this component on need basis through the projected population growth rate and estimates the funding required improving transportation arrangements. Their primary aim is to facilitate the mobility of everyday activities in commercial areas, capital and industrial areas and necessity traveling. This in turn requires traffic management tactics, improved roads, new bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure

Urban regeneration assessment Essay Example for Free

Urban regeneration assessment Essay Looking at the politics behind the drive for urban regeneration is about communities, integrating the social and private sectors to create mixed, sustainable communities, with housing, retail and commercial development which are the key to the regeneration process. In order to bring private and commercial participation, the government has set aside an annual sum of 4 billon pounds for its annual spending; the drive of the government is to encourage social and affordable housing and to establish eco-towns. The government is also seeking to ensure greater private sector in the financing of, and the delivery of regeneration and sustainable targets in the various communities. Role of private sector partnership in urban regeneration Hence developers are being asked by the government to participate in building now by accessing this funds and then pay later as part of the initiative of the government to kick-start the economy. It has plans to relax red tape and give a boost to construction of properties some authorities are offering land for free. With developers only paying once the depression is relax. The authorities have promise upfront compensation on green space development and the government is more prescriptive on the distribution of its annual housing grants to individuals and corporate institutions that are willing to participate. Understanding urban regeneration has improvement by means of a focus on redevelopment of obtainable crucial aspect of urban regeneration. It is the contribution of public authorities and public money as private developers would have no incentive redevelop an area themselves basically because there are more eye-catching investments else where Urban regeneration is one of the nearly everyone serious financial troubles of Cities all over the world, the larger the city the greater the problem Local establishment cannot finance urban regeneration themselves; there needs to be private participation are capital; therefore town and cities are redeveloped often on a partnership basis between local authority and private developer. The major elements in redevelopment are the land legislative body, the finance, and the tangible development. Schemes have evolved whereby the local authority assembles the land and develops the public services whilst the private developer concentrates on the reminder of the scheme. Each scheme is resolute by means of bargain between developers looking for to maximize returns and planners seeking the maximum community benefit. Much policy is based on a ‘planning gain agreement where, for example, approval of profitable office development is granted in exchange for some area benefit. For some time now the scope has broaden in the direction of the provision of housing and other social amenities Risk analysis of private developer There are some certain risks that may arise such as poor annoyed government working results in failure to put into practice the key priorities in the agreed region regeneration. Action Plans to deliver the area regeneration plan in addition to the gap between the quality of life for people in underprivileged urban areas to the rest The requirement of Housing Corporation They are several perspectives required by the housing corporation. The pre- prospectus sets out a frame work for programmed, and invites organizations and spirited individuals that are interested in becoming investments partners to apply for pre-qualification. The pre-prospectus also allow for five year funding if you are successful with the pre –qualification exercise. The corporation always encourage dynamic and efficient of organizations from different sectors who are qualify to always apply. Since the pre qualification exercise is base on technical ground for participation. Once a business, pass the prequalification exercise, You’re asked to summit the bidding The Housing Corporation places great importance on good programmed management by bidding organizations during the post bids process. Responsibility for the delivery of milestones, appropriate and timely warning of any problems with delivery and accurate maintenance of forecast and delivery data on the Corporation’s Investment Management System (IMS) lies with successful bidding organizations. Assessment of bids is carried out at a regional level by Housing Corporation regional investment teams. In the modern form of urban generation, there is always a need for more partners to be involved . urban regeneration and private-public partnership are form more frequently as part of environment actors, which is form by actors involved in the urban regenerating field. The role of this actors is to bring to the table the needed ingredients and resources, to bring about the needed change and development of the environment. Due to the high cost of regeneration of land and buildings, this raise the question of the availability of finance for the private sector participation, because the more intense the level of development the more the process is dependent on financial markets and funds from the capital market. This was usually the case when the economy was booming, but due to the depression at the moments private participation is does not carried greater risk as its use to be. Because of grants and low tasks and the authorities have lower down bottlenecks considerable? Hence private participation would be quite lucrative on the long run. Recommendation This assessment tries to make the client to understand why investing in our urban community regeneration should be the priority at this critical period. Even with risk involved, when spread it is considerable worth why when you succeed. It’s also trying to bring in subsequent effort that the government of the United Kingdom is doing to encourage such practice. I therefore recommend the following. My perspective is that of a practitioner in the field of urban regeneration. And with the trend of event it’s seriously encourage private participation and will yield good rental income on the long run. I seriously recommend that private and public partnership with the government is the only sustainable way to achieve greatly in the pursuit of urban regeneration. And it’s the major way private developer could benefit from obtaining huge income arising from the development and renewal of our communities. References: Boxmer, B. etal (2005). Public-private partnership in urban regeneration. European journal of housing policy, volume 5, issue 1 April 20 http://www. housingcorp. gov. uk/server/show/ConWebDoc. 10780 05, pages 1-6. http://www. the-infoshop. com/study/ah66533-regeneration. html http://www. theherald. co. uk/news/news/display. var. 2468789. 0. build_now_pay_later_plan_to_boost_city_economy. php

The Millennium Development Goals

The Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were agreed upon at the Millennium Summit in September 2000. More heads of states (189 nations) and governments came together than ever before, a benchmark in itself. They pledged to work together to make a better world for all by 2015. Unanimously signing adopting a package, aimed at eradicating social injustices inequalities; extreme poverty, getting all kids to school, including girls; gender equality, fighting maternal mortality and child mortality, reversing the AIDS pandemic ensuring sustainable development in an environmental sense. These committing nations agreed upon a new global partnership to ensure these goals were met and set out a series of time bound targets, with a deadline to be met by 2015. The MDGs are the most ambitious and most broadly supported development goals ever to be established. The Millennium Development Goals are a set of eight goals, which pledge to liberate men, women and children from the dehumanising conditions of extreme poverty and make the right to development a reality for everyone. Listed below are the eight goals: Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development The eight MDGs break down into 21 quantifiable targets that are measured by 60 indicators. The MDGs are more than just goals, they are seen to provide an overarching framework for the development efforts, and benchmarks against which to judge success (Health and the millennium development goals By World Health Organization). They set out a clear precise agenda as to what is required to help realise the goals. Each goal has been designed so that it is easy to understand, easy to implement and easy to measure in order to help improve the lives of the impoverished people of the world. The fact that MDGs are concrete, time bound and deliberately designed to be measurable (which lends to a sense of accountability) makes the MDGs feel more tangible people everywhere can immediately relate to them; they speak to the immediate concerns and basic needs of everyone globally. Measurability is seen as an integral characteristic of the MDGs, it is through this that the United Nations is able to assess how close it is to achieving one of the most ambitious agreement accords in its history. Furthermore, this also leads to governments being held accountable for any irregularities that may arise or for failure to implement successfully the eight MDGs within their nation states. The MDGs reflect an unprecedented commitment by the worlds leaders to tackle the most basic forms of injustice and inequality in our world; poverty, illiteracy and ill health. (Health and the millennium development goals By World Health Organization). The importance of the MDGs cannot be overstated. Firstly, as set out in the Millennium Summit the aim of the MDGs is to liberate the billion plus people who currently live in extreme poverty. A common proverb the world over is the rich get richer whilst the poor get poorer. However, with the MDGs it seems that the stigmatisation on the richer nations is slowly being rendered obsolete. Secondly, reducing the number of people in poverty matters for security and stability. Research shows, for example, that a negative shock on income growth increases the probability of a civil war substantially (United Nations Millennium Development Project 2005) (Financial sector development and the Millennium Development Goals By Stijn Claessens, Erik Feijen). A prime example is that of the ever worsening situation in Sudans Darfur region, where the scarcity of sanitised water has seen some of the worst humanitarian crisis of the 21st Century, with more than 200,000 Darfuris dead and 2 million having f led their homes. Thirdly, economic wealth for the poor creates new worldwide growth opportunities, by opening new consumer markets and commercial activity; the 4 to 5 billion underserved people are estimated to represent economic opportunity of $13 trillion (Financial sector development and the Millennium Development Goals By Claessens. S, Feijen. E). Arguably the biggest stumbling block for poorer nations being unable to attain the seventh MDG of ensuring environmental sustainability, is entirely down to the developed nations insistency on tariffs, quotas subsidies. All of which have made it extremely difficult for developing nations to earn a living on their produce. The message the MDGs are trying embed in our minds is, that the issues being faced around the world are not the sole responsibility of the heads of states of the developing nations or developed nations, but it is a collective responsibility that the people of this world must share and be held accountable for. The biggest problem is that heads of state and ministers often go to meetings, sign something incredible, and then they take the plane back from the UN to return to business as usual. It takes all of us to achieve these goals, this is excruciatingly important because we have to make our governments accountable for the promises they have made. Government after government and country after country after country. The UN is able to provide a platform but it does not have any instrument to force compliance. So it falls upon us, in civil societies who are the most important campaigners. We put the politicians and leaders in power to give us a voice and so we must in turn use our voice s to make the governments enforce the MDGs and implement a plan for achieving them by the target date of 2015. Successful implementation of the MDGs with the right guidance can lead to some concrete results. If we take a look at some midway progression figures; taken from the European Commission on Development File, then we can clearly see the impact the MDGs have made in the lives of millions of people. Some Impressive Progress 120 million people out of poverty between 2000 and 2005, or 2.4 per cent annual drop 2 million lives saved through reduced child mortality 30 million additional 6 12 children going to school 30 million additional families having access to drinking water Boys and girls in equal numbers in primary school However, the progress being made is vastly uneven and still too slow in some areas of the world. The reason for the decrease in global poverty is for the most part due to rapid growth in giant Asian countries such as China, India Indonesia. Yet on the other hand, achieving goals such as reducing child mortality rates and access to sanitised water seem way further off track. Furthermore, there seems to be strong inconsistencies across regions and countries in implementing the MDGs, with countless developing countries projected not to meet most of them. While ambitious the MDGs are considered achievable. The Millennium Project has argued that for the first time in history the world is rich enough to eradicate extreme poverty. The Millennium Project calculated that achieving the MDGs requires funds equal to 0.5 percent of Gross National Product (GNP) of developed countries (Financial sector development and the Millennium Development Goals By Stijn Claessens, Erik Feijen). This highlights an important fact, that if implemented and rigorously followed through, the developed countries have enough resources to help eradicate extreme poverty. The rich countries have never been richer. But the efforts that they are doing in terms of giving aid to poor countries is, in terms of percentages of national wealth, less than it was ten, twenty or thirty years ago. It is not just financial assistance that needs to be rectified; too many poor countries in Africa are paying far more back to the rich countries for old debts, than they can afford to pay for the primary health and education of their people. Debt relief must be provided to ensure that developing countries are not forgoing the money for development to help them make their repayments. Furthermore, the trade barriers make it impossible for farmers in developing countries to make a living. In Europe farmers are subsidised to the extent that they produce more than they can ever swallow and then they dump the excess on the markets in poor African countries. In the US the problem is all too similar, where cotton subsidies have led to the collapse of world prices for cotton. West African countries that produce cotton are unable to sell their stuff produce anymore. If and when these trade issues are rectified, then only can the developing countries seriously think of progressing their develop ment through the MDGs. Conclusion The MDGs came about through the mutual agreement of the worlds leaders from developed nations to developing nations, each having their own role to play in aiming to help improve the lives of billions of impoverished people. They agreed upon eight goals, covering poverty, hunger, health, child mortality, womens rights, the environment and a global partnership on development. It is the primary responsibility of the poorer countries to achieve the first seven goals. They must do more to integrate the MDGs into their policies, plans and budgets and translate them into services for the poor. There is a need for more transparency and accountability so the progress being made, or lack of, is clear for all to see so allows for the people to hold their governments accountable for the promises they made. The MDGs are mutually binding, so the poor countries cannot achieve their first seven goals unless rich countries fulfil their responsibilities set out in goal eight; Develop a Global Partner ship for Development. The developed countries need to give more and to make sure what they are giving is used more effectively. They also need to offer more debt relief and increase trade opportunities for poor countries by reducing tariffs and subsidies to agriculture which deny farmers from poor countries their best chance of earning a decent living. The importance of the Millennium Development Goals, is to implement a clear framework from which the world is able to reduce the social injustices and inequalities. It is to get the minds and mouths of the ordinary person working so they continue to strive to achieve the goals, way beyond the expectations of politicians. Their attainment, which is possible, lies in the hands of every single individual.

Failure of Communism Essay -- Communism Essays

In theory, communism is a fantastic idea for society. According to Collin’s English Dictionary, communism is â€Å"a classless society in which private ownership has been abolished and the means of production and subsistence belong to the community† (Dictionary.com). While communism is most often erroneously associated with the Soviet Union and China, they are in fact a totalitarian deviation of the philosophical ideal. In a true communistic society, no government would be found. In a true communistic society, no government would be found. In practice, communism is doomed to fail due to the flaws of human nature. Two flaws in particular contribute to this collapse more than any other-- greed and pride. Greed is the man who needs what is not necessary for survival. Greed instills in men a thirst for power and wipes all charity from their thoughts. Pride is the man who looks down upon his peers, feeling that he is better than any other, or the man who seeks to ru le over them and guide them through his apparent wisdom. The governments of the former Soviet-Union and Romania, as well as present day North Korea, China and Cuba, are considered to be Marxist-Leninist states (a form of communism). These countries are ruled by a single, all-powerful government body, with a single individual as the head of that government. All people of the state are said to be equal, with no one above the other. Yet the ruler, advisors, and military live in better conditions than the commoners, already contradicting the basic ideals of communism. These governments take their hypocrisy one step farther by using the majority of the earnings of the citizens to support lavish lifestyles of the royal families or rulers, as well as the army of the nation... ...ny things, both good and bad. For pride and greed to be found, one must think of themselves and only themselves. Of course, ants can not do that. One could argue that we, as a species, need our flaws to survive. The failure of communism rests solely on our flaws as humans with greed and pride being at the forefront. Our inadequacies can be traced across every attempt at communism or form of communism. Until we evolve to the point of perfection, communism will not be able to exist without corruption and inevitable collapse. Works Cited Dictionay.com. n. p. Web. 20 Sept 2010. Conover, Adele. â€Å"To Fathom a Colony’s Talk and Toil, Studying Insects One by One.† The New York Times. 27 April 2009. n. pag. Web. 21 Sept. 2010. Rich, G.J. â€Å"A biochemical approach to the study of personality.† Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 23.2 (1928): 158-175. Print.

Importance of sport Essay

Nowadays importance of sports is increasing in the world especially in Pakistan because physical activities are being reduced due to modern techniques and machinery age. At the present time sports is also having high importance equal to education. Our Government is also focusing on the importance of sports so the children should be active and pay attention on importance of sports. Government is also trying to provide us facilities as much as they can. Our government is also making many sport centers all around our country so that citizens take benefits of it and mainly our government had make sports an essential part in our curriculam.Sports is also importance like the education .Educationalist had also discovered that sports are important for our health and our fitness. In the past time we were having limited facilities but now we have more multiple facilities but now there are vast varieties of sports like Cricket, Baseball, Football, Soccer etc†¦.But unfortunately we could not give much time to sports due to indoor games, mobile, net and etc†¦There are many benefits of sports too like playing sports everyday makes us active and healthy which is very much good for our health. Playing sports is essential for everyone in this world because it is the main thing which makes us fit and active in every field of life. We should balance three things in our life the first one is education second one is our prayers and the third one is sports. There are too many benefits of playing sports everyday some of them are as following one of them is greater confidence and self awareness. We can show our talent and our skills to the world which can build good relationships between us and people which build up our confidence level and social contact. We can improve our health, fitness and overall well-being by playing every day early in the morning. If we will not continue this practice in our daily life so we will feel isolated and we will feel loneliness. Playing sports every day will increase our ability to deal with stress and it will reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression.We should keep playing every day.Someone had said that:†Champions keep playing until they get it right†. It can make our habit of tolerance so that we can accept challenges from others because in sports sometimes someone has to lose or wins that`s why this makes us be patient and tolerant and also makes us to do struggle in the every field of life. The main moral of it is that it makes us to face  challenges and keep motivate us to do more struggle. It is useful means of entertainment and physical activity. This will make us healthy and gives us energy and strength. The main meaning of it is that mental and physical growth. Sports have a quality to build our character. Sports and games give us opportunity to grow our life. During sports there is a benefit that we can learn many things like maintain mental balance and our hopes. Nowadays sports have been commercialized. They have become a good means of earning. Sports have a great importance or have value. The man who does good will be showered with name, fame and wealth. Sports facilities are being developed in rural and urban areas. Sports infrastructure are being developed by many organization which are working day and night on sports facilities for us only so we should take advantage from it. Sports can make us prevent from diseases. It can remove our tiredness and can make us fresh. They can improve our blood circulation. Sports are very much important for our Youth.The sports have other name called bodily exercise. Sports not benefits only body but mind too. The health of the body is essential for success in life. An unhealthy person man is also sad, gloomy and therefore loses his confidence but a healthy man or person will always active and attentive so that’s why he didn’t lose his confidence. The great advantage of Sports is that they combine exercise with thrill and with excitement. Sports develop and encourage the spirit of man.

Critical Theory Essay Essays

Critical Theory Essay Essays Critical Theory Essay Essay Critical Theory Essay Essay Critical theory is a organic structure of thoughts by and large associated with the ‘Frankfurt School’ . It was during the early eightiess that a new signifier of theoretic enquiry which was extremely critical of tradional theories of IR. emerged. However the generation of the theory can be found in the plants of Kant and Marx with their accent on the ‘emancipatry intent of cognition and enquiry’ . In other words critical theory entails ‘enlightenment project’ which subjects cognition and instruction to the ideal intent of freedom and release. Jurgon Habermas gave a new life to the critical and emancipatory positions of Kant and Marx when he questioned the epistemic ( beginning of knoeledge ) and ontological ( nature of being ) foundations of bing societal order and said that all cognition is historically and politically based. Critical theory besides involves the review of modernness in the spheres of province capitalist economy. hi-tech reindustrialization and science-cum-computer oriented instruction system that have strengthened and perpetuated the hegemony and laterality of few. Among the outstanding critical theoreticians inclde Max Horkheimer. Theodor Adorno. Paulo Friere. John Forester. Herbert Mercuse. Andrew Linklater and Dieter Misgeld. etc. .Tendencies in Critical Theory:Following are of import tendencies in critical theory: a ) Critical Social Theory:The basic point of analysis in critical societal theory is society as a whole. It seldom focal points on province. It discusses all the societal constructions which are responsible for laterality. ignorance and development. Frankfurt Scool is the poineer of this tendency. B ) Critical International Theory:Critical international theory with its footing in emancipatory thoughts of Kant and Marx seeks to look for the possibilities of tronsforming international dealingss so that restraints of laterality are removed and univaresal freedom and equality achieved. It is really the extension of critical societal theory to the sphere of international dealingss. Key Aspects of Critical Theory: 1 ) Problem-Solving and Critical Theories:Problem-solving Theory: Accordinng to Robert Cox job work outing theory takes the universe as it finds it. It does non dispute the present order but legitimise and affects its smooth working by work outing the peculiar jobs that troubles it. Traditional theories of IR are considered to be working in febrility of bracing predominating constructions of universe order with their inequalities of power and wealth. 2 ) Critical International Theory: It argues that cognitive procedures themselves are capable to political involvements and. therefore. are to be critically evaluated. Theories of IR like any other cognition are conditioned by societal. cultural and ideological influence ; and the undertaking of critical theory is to measure such conditioning deductions. It non merely challenges the status-quo orientated theories but besides comes up with normative solutions in favour of emancipation.